眼瞅着众仪的新表ZT-X即将发布，图片里看得好口水，小白没有技术，不会搞测评，但略微知道一点英语，为了给咱仪表爱好者论坛添（蹭）砖（块）加（赠）瓦（表），于是硬着头皮再来翻译点东西。
上次翻译的东东在这：PRO-57: 镊子型数字万用表简介（翻译） http://www.dt830.com/thread-1880-1-1.html 这次看到一篇万用表入门介绍的文章，感觉讲得挺系统的，挺适合入门，可能会对像我一样的小白有帮助，于是决定就翻译它了。
（有些术语可能翻译得不太准确，望大神们不要轻易打我 ）
Digital Multimeter Working Principle 数字万用表工作原理
A multimeter, shown in Figure 1, is a device used to measure two or more electrical quantities. A multimeter can be used to measure electrical functions such as voltage, current, resistance, continuity and some are able to measure electrical frequency. 万用表，如图1所示，是一种用来测量两种或两种以上电气物理量的设备。万用表可以被用来测量与电相关的功能，如电压、电流、电阻、通断，有些还可以测量电频率。
数字式万用表
图1 数字式万用表
There are two main types of multimeters. One of the first and oldest multimeters is the analog meter, (Figure2) and the other, now more widely used meter is the digital multimeter (Figure1). 目前，万用表主要分两大类。可以称作第一代也是最老的一代的万用表类型之一的是指针式万用表（图2），另一种目前被广泛使用的是数字式万用表（图1）。
指针式万用表
图2 指针式万用表
Analog Multimeter 指针式万用表 Analog meters are a multifunctional multimeter that operates based on electrical mechanical movement. Analog meters use aprinted linear or nonlinear background and a mechanical pointer. The pointermoves as a result of the flow of current through a built-in coil, the presenceof electrical pressure, or the internal power source that is needed for resistance measurements.The advantage of an analog meter is relatively small; however, it allows you tosee small changes in current flow and achange in voltage in real time. Analog meters require great mathematical skillsbecause you are required to make quick calculations based on the printed scale.Time used while calculating mathematical solutions while taking a reading withan analog meter could be better used to resolve other problems. · 指针式万用表是一种多功能的万用表，它的工作基于电力学的运动。它包括一个打印的线性或非线性刻度的表头和一个机械指针。受表内部线圈通过的电流、电气压力或内部电源（测电阻时）的影响，指针会跟着相应摆动。指针式万用表的优势相对来说并不大，但是它允许你实时看到电流和电压的细微变化。指针式万用表要求使用者有较强的数学计算能力因为使用者必须能够快速地根据印刷表头上的刻度来得出实际值。指针式万用表读数时计算所花费的时间本应该被用来解决其它更重要的问题。
DigitalMultimeter 数字式万用表A digital multimeter (DMM) is a multifunctional meter thatdisplays its electrical quantitative values on an LCD screen. A digitalmultimeter much like an analog meter, it is able to read voltage, current, andresistance. What makes a digital multimeter differ from the analog meter is itsability to display measured electrical values quickly without any computations.Because of its design, a processor can be built into the meter which allows theuser to take measurements of frequency, the inductance of a coil, capacitanceof a capacitor, and a host of other high functional electrical measurements.There two types of digital multimeters (DMM): scalable digital multimeter and auto-ranging digital multimeter asshown in Figure 1. When working with the scalable digital multimeter you needto have an idea of the value of voltage, current, or resistance that you areattempting to measure. Failure to observe these values will result ininaccurate readings and possible damage to the meter. The auto-ranging digitalmultimeter is more widely used due to its ease, high functionality, and quickdisplay readings achieved without the user completing the calculations.
数字式万用表(digital multimeter, DMM) 是一种多功能仪表，它可以在LCD屏上显示电气物理量。数字式万用表与指针式万用表有很多相似之处，它可以测量电压、电流、电阻的大小。使数字式万用表与指针式万用表相区别的特征是：数字式万用表可以快速显示出被测的电气物理量的值而无需人工计算。得益于此设计，仪表内可以植入一个处理器从而给用户提供频率、线圈电感、电容容量以及一系列高端电气测量功能。数字万用表又可细分为两类：手动量程万用表和自动量程万用表（如图1所示）。使用手动量程万用表时，使用者需要对要测量的电压、电流或电阻的值有一个初步的预估。不恰当的估计会导致读数不精确的问题，甚至有可能损坏万用表。自动量程万用表因其易用、多功能和不需计算读数直接显示所带来的便捷得到了比手动量程万用表更为广泛的普及与应用。
DigitalMultimeter Block Diagram 数字式万用表方框图 The following figure representsthe digital multimeter block diagram with all the functional blocks. 下图展示了数字式万用表的方框图以及其全部功能模块
图3 数字式万用表方框图
The auto-ranging digital multimeter (DMM) onlyrequires you to choose your electrical quantity you are attempting to measure,make sure you are properly placing your leads into the correct terminals andthen reading the LCD display. Auto-ranging digital multimeters allowtechnicians to spend more time getting to the root of a problem instead ofswitching and calculating. 自动量程万用表（auto-ranging digital multimeter，DMM）仅需用户选择想要测量的电气物理量类型并确保将表笔插入到了正确的端口然后在LCD屏上读数即可。自动量程万用表允许技术员将更多的时间用于定位核心问题上而不是在切换开关档位和计算上。
Stepby Step Guide on how to use a multimeter to test for voltage 万用表电压测量骤步Testing for voltage is carried out to ensure the effectiveness ofthe electrical system. Loads (for example lights or motors) thatare designed to do the work need a nominal voltage to operate. Overvoltage will result in equipment failure and not enough voltage will resultin the load not turn on. When testing voltage there is an expectedvoltage reading to look for. If the load is rated at 120 volts then theexpected reading from the outlet needs to be 120 volts plus or minus 10%. If the voltage reading is out of specifications then the problem can be foundusing the voltmeter to isolate the load and find if there is a problem with thesource or the load. 电压测量被用来确保电气系统的有效性。被设计出来用以实现特定功能的负载（如灯或电机）都需要一个额定电压来工作，超压会引起设备故障，电压不足会导致负载无法启动。测电压时，会有一个期望电压。如果负载标示额定电压为120V，则期望的读出值应该为120V正负10%范围内。如果读出的值在规定范围之外，则可以通过使用电压表来隔离负载以进一步判断电源或负载是否有问题。
Here is a step by step guide on how to use a multimeter to test for voltage: 1. First, figure out whether the application being testing utilizes AC or DC voltage. Afterward, adjust the meter dial to the suitable function to DC Voltage or AC voltage. 2. Adjust the range to the number little higher than the predictive value. If the value being measured is unknown, then set the range to the maximum available number. 3. Plug in the test leads into the common (black) and voltage (red) terminals. 4. Apply the leads to the test circuit. 5. Position and reposition the test till a dependable reading appears on the meter LCD. 6. While measuring AC voltage, variations may happen in the reading. As the test continues the measurement will steady.
以下为使用万用表测量电压的步骤： 1． 首先，搞清楚被测电路是使用交流AC电源还是直流DC电源供电。然后，调整刻度盘至合适的功能档，DC或AC。 2．调整量程至比预估计值稍大一点的档位。如果被测值未知，则应设置量程为最大可能档位。 3．将测试表笔插入公共端（黑）和电压端（红）中。 4．将表笔接入被测电路。 5．调整测试位直到可靠的读数出现在LCD显示屏上。 6．当测交流AC电压时，起初读数可能会变。随着测试的进行，读数将最终稳定下来。
Stepby Step Guide on how to use a multimeter to test for Current Testing for current is used when there is no physical way to tellif a load is doing its job because there are no indicators or the load islocated in a hazardous area. When the voltage is tested and found to bepresent at the load, it doesn’t tell the whole story until a current ismeasured. It is important to understand a load consumes power which ismeasured in watts. Watts is calculated by multiplying volts by theamps. A digital multimeter is used to measure or give a good indicationof current flowing. Current can be tested in several ways; the most reliable procedureis using a clamp meter, shown in figure 4.
万用表电流测量步骤当无法直接观察一个负载是否在正常工作时，比如没有指示器或者负载被安放在危险区域时，将需要做电流测量。负载两端仅仅被测到存在电压并不能代表负载正常工作。只有当电流也被同时检测到时，才能说明问题。我们应该知道工作的负载会消耗以瓦特（watts）为单位的能量。而瓦特的计算需要知道电压和电流两个物理量（瓦特=电压X电流），数字万用表此时可以用来测电流的准确值或用来给出一个好的参考值。 电流值可以通过多种方式来实现测量。最可靠的方法是用钳形安培表，如图4所示。
图4 钳形安培表
The advantage of using clamp meter is thatmeasurements can be obtained even without opening the test circuit. Properprotective equipment must be worn before testing can be done. 钳形安培表的优点是测试可以在不开路被测电路的情况下进行。测试前必须穿戴好恰当的防护设施。
1. To test for current, determine the type ofcurrent if it is AC or DC. 2. Afterward, adjust the meter dial to thesuitable function to DC current or AC current. 3. Adjust the range on the dial except it is anauto-ranging meter. 1. 要测电流，先确定电流类型是交流AC还是直流DC。 2. 然后，调整表盘到合适的功能档位DC或AC。 3. 调整量程（自动量程万用表除外）。
Testingcurrent with a clamp meter 1. Press the thumblever to open the clamp meter head
2. Close the headonce it is around a single conductor and then release the metering lever.
3. Now observe thereading.
使用钳形安培表测电流1. 按下拇指按压杆打开钳形表的头部钳口 2. 当头部圈在单根导体上之后，闭合头部钳口并释放拇指按压杆 3. 观查读数
Testingcurrent with a Digital Multimeter
1. Plug the leadsinto the terminals marked mA for low current or A for currents over 500mA.
2. Set the dial toAC or DC current depending on the circuit being measured.
3. Apply the leadsto the open circuit current and observe the measurement.
Note: For current measurementsabove 1A, normally clamp meter is used while for current less than 1A, astandard DMM is used
数字式万用表测电流的步骤： 1. 将表笔根据电流大小插入带有标注的端口（小电流：mA，超过500mA：A） 2. 根据被测电路情况设置表盘到交流AC档或直流DC档 3. 将表笔接到开路电路中并观查读数 注意：一般情况下，对于大于1A的电流的测量，使用钳形电流表; 而对于小于1A的，则使用标准数字式万用表（DMM）
Stepby Step Guide on how to use a multimeter to test for Resistance 数字式万用表测电阻的步骤
Resistance testing is done toensure the load or circuit being tested is complete. A complete circuit meansthere is no break or opening in the wires connected to the load or the internalcomponents of the device being tested. An open circuit or broken line meansthat the load will not work as designed. Resistance testing is sometimesreferred to as continuity testing. Continuity testing does the same action asresistance testing with the exception that continuity testing emits an audiblesound indicating that the circuit or wires are complete. The resistance testingand continuity testing are also a good way to check for short-circuits and theground fault which are events that cause circuit breakers to trip, fuses toblow, and possible injury to workers in the field. 电阻测量用于确保实测电路的完整性。完整的电路指连接负载的或被测设备的内部元件的导线没有断路或开路。开路或断路意味着负载无法按照设计意图工作。电阻测试有时也被称为通断检测（continuity testing）。 通断检测与电阻测量操作一样，不过通断检测会伴随测量动作发出一个人耳可辨的声音以提示电路或导线是连通的。电阻测量和通断检测同时也是检查短路和接地错误的好方法。短路和接地错误往往是断路开关跳闸、保险丝熔断甚至造成实地工作人员受伤的原凶。
Totest resistance with a Digital Multimeter
1. Turn the poweroff in the circuit being tested.
2. Adjust themeter dial to the resistance mode.
3. Choose thesuitable range on the dial.
4. Plug in yourtest leads into the suitable terminals.
5. Connect theleads to the component being tested and note a reading.
Note: It is important to have goodcontact between the test leads and circuit being tested. Dirt, bodily contact,and poor test lead connection can considerably alter the readings. 使用数字式万用表测电阻的步骤： 1. 关闭被测电路的电源 2. 调整表盘到电阻档位 3. 选择表盘上合适的量程 4. 将表笔插入适当的端口 5. 将表笔接入被测器件并记录计数 注意： 保证表笔与被测电路的良好接触至关重要。 污垢、肢体接触和表笔接触不良会极大地影响读数值的准确性。
Testcontinuity with a Digital Multimeter
1. Adjust the dialto the meter continuity (the little speaker) function.
2. Plug the testleads into the suitable terminal.
3. Touch thecomponent under test using the leads
The DMM beeps under goodcontinuity that allows the flow of current. If no continuity exists, the DMMdoes not beep. 使用数字式万用表测试通断 1. 调整表盘到通断测试档（小喇叭标识） 2. 将表笔插入适当的端口 3. 用表笔分别接角被测器件引脚 被测点接通时，数字万用表（DMM）蜂鸣器会响；如未连通，则蜂鸣器不响。
翻译了两天总算翻译完了，没有功劳也有苦劳啊，坛主大人，能不能赢块表回来啊啊啊？
原文链接：http://electricalacademia.com/instrumentation-and-measurements/digital-multimeter-working-principle/ 原作者：Ahmed Faizan, M.Sc. (USA) 译者： rivrz @ 仪表爱好者 www.DT830.com
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发表于 2018-4-17 20:23:01
发表于 2018-4-17 20:28:35
，翻译了两天，被老大当成机器翻译，心理苦啊
，这不能怪老大，是我翻译质量有待提高